November 2002 • Issue 351



Shampoo

Shampoo is from the Hindi, meaning to press or knead, and entered English in the 1760s with the original meaning of ‘massage’, especially as part of a Turkish bath. Shampooing the hair dates from the mid-1800s. The Turkish bath or hammam gets its name from the Arabic hamma (to heat). The Romans and Greeks used oil, not soap, for washing, and so had no word for soap. Soap is from the West Germanic saipo, originally a hair dye or pomade. Soap operas are so-called as early sponsors of US TV were soap manufacturers.




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other articles
FROM THIS ISSUE

a narrow victory
Africans are desperate to protect hard-won democracy, as Ike Oguine explains.

Polyp's Big Bad World – November 2002
Bombs away.

Innocence behind bars
WEB EXCLUSIVE For decades the US has been jailing more and more of its own citizens. The result, as Bernice Yeung reports, is an increasing number of innocent victims inside, as well as outside, the criminal-justice system – and growing agitation

Ralph Klein
One-man wrecking crew in a Canadian one-party state: Ralph Klein.

Anita and me
Anita and Me by Metin Huseyin

recently
IN THIS COLUMN

Court in the act
Apartheid accomplices Coca-Cola, Barclays, BP et al are heading for court

A kick in the balls
New Zealand intelligence gathering or US & NATO spy satellite?

Inside China’s prisons
It’s difficult to know for sure how many political prisoners there currently are in China, but it’s safe to say that there are thousands of them.

Starved by the system
The companies making a killing from the food crisis

Planktos wiped out
Planktos – RIP

Cyclone survival
Women in Orissa, India, have ways of dealing with calamity






Voices from the margins:

Multimedia: video, podcasts, and more.

House of Hunger Poetry Slam in Zimbabwe
Poetry Slam in Zimbabwe
The House of Hunger poetry slam held in Zimbabwe in 2006, and organised by the Pamberi Trust, showcased young artists performing inspirational work on issues from corporate power to child soldiers. The video features four of the poets.
Published by Pambazuka News.
Raised Voices video:
Atossa Soltani from Brazil on the Climate Change
Desmond Desai from South Africa on Corporate Power
Iranian Women Speak Out
Iranian women speak out
3 March 2007, London. Women's rights activists marched through the English capital last week to celebrate International Women's Day with a protest against the misogyny of the Islamic regime in Iran and the threat of invasion by the US. Hear the voices of Iranian feminists Azar and Leila Parnian and the sounds of the demonstration as it passed through the heart of the city. Click here to learn more about the campaign.
Produced by Heidi Bachram.
Raised Voices audio:
Benny from West Papua on Corporate Power
Vinayan from India on agriculture