HEALTH For all..

Health for all
In the game of life and death many people are playing against the odds: one in two never see a trained health worker; one in three are without clean water to drink; one in four have an inadequate diet. The result is millions of premature deaths every year. Three-quarters of health budgets are spent on doctors and hospitals providing curative care for a small minority. Three-quarters of world disease is preventable through primary health care. Providing primary health care would cost an extra $50 billion a year for the next 20 years: two-thirds of world spending on cigarettes; half of world spending on alcohol; one fifteenth of world military spending.

WHERE THERE ARE NO DOCTORS   Population per doctor (1977) Population per nurse (1977) % of population in cities (1980) Low Income Countries 5,810 4,840 17% Middle Income Countries 5,840 2,510 45% Industrialised 620 250 78%

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FOOD AND NUTRITION
• Around two-thirds of under-fives in the poor world are malnourished. PHC means ensuring an adequate, affordable food supply and a balanced diet.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
• Over half a million mothers die in childbirth and 10% of babies die before their first birthday. PHC means trained birth attendants, promotion of family planning and monitoring child health.

WATER AND SANITATION
• 80% of the world’s disease is related to lack of safe water and sanitation. PHC means providing everyone with clean water and basic sanitation.

DISEASE CONTROL
• Up to 40% of hospital deaths are from communicable diseases. PHC means immunisation against childhood diseases and combatting the causes of others like malaria.

HEALTH EDUCATION
• Preventing ill health depends on changing personal and social habits. PHC means educating people in understanding the causes of ill health and promoting their own health needs.

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
• Untrained traditional birth attendants deliver 60%— 80% of babies in the developing world. PHC means enlisting the support of traditional healers and medicines and giving additional training.

CURATIVE CARE
• 1,000 million cases of acute diarrhoea in under-fives each year. · 33% of people in the world infested with hookworm. PHC means training village health workers to diagnose and treat common diseases and injuries.

ESSENTIAL DRUGS
• Up to 50% of health budgets are spent on imported drugs. PHC means restricting drugs to 200 essentials made available to everyone.